ANU Pacific Institute
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/1885/122864
This collection contains more than 300 monographs and working papers digitised by the Pacific Institute. This work represents a significant contribution to the process of digitising The Australian National University's extensive and diverse oeuvre of Pacific research.
Priority for digitisation was given to documents that were available in a clean hard-copy format to ensure the best quality result (incl. select non-Pacific material). Monograph series were produced in their entirety where possible; it is suggested that the scanning of incomplete Pacific publication series be a priority for future work. The imperative for this initiative – its contribution to Pacific scholarship, to genuine collaboration and to the repatriation of research to the peoples of the Pacific – should not be underestimated (read a related note on reciprocity by Ron Crocombe and Oskar Spate from 1969).
This digitisation effort was supported by the Board of the Pacific Institute. Special thanks to: Deveni Temu (Pacific Librarian ANU), Wal Ambrose and others in ANH (for the TAs), Bryant Allen and Mike Bourke (for the NGRB collection), the late Hank Nelson, Colin Filer, Peter Sack, Vicki Luker (JPH material), Pam Thomas, Ron May, Robin Hide, the late Darrell Tryon, and Roger Casas Ruiz. Mike Cookson conducted this work on behalf of the Pacific Institute.
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Item Open Access A time to change: the Fiji general elections of 1999(Canberra : Dept. of Political and Social Change, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University,, 1999) Lal, Brij V.Item Open Access Black out in Alice: a history of the establishment and development of town camps in Alice Springs(Canberra Miami, Fla. : Australian National University, 1981., 1981) Heppell, M; Wigley, J. J.Item Open Access Culture and sustainable development in the Pacific(Australian National University Press, 2005) Culture and Sustainable Development in the Pacific Conference; Hooper, Antony (ed.)Throughout the South Pacific, notions of 'culture' and 'development' are very much alive—in political debate, the media, sermons, and endless discussions amongst villagers and the urban élites, even in policy reports. Often the terms are counterposed, and development along with 'economic rationality', 'good governance' and 'progress' is set against culture or 'custom', 'tradition' and 'identity'. The decay of custom and impoverishment of culture are often seen as wrought by development, while failures of development are haunted by the notion that they are due, somehow, to the darker, irrational influences of culture. The problem is to resolve the contradictions between them so as to achieve the greater good—access to material goods, welfare and amenities, ‘modern life’—without the sacrifice of the ‘traditional’ values and institutions that provide material security and sustain diverse social identities. [from publisher's advertisement] "The papers in this volume were presented at a UNESCO conference 'Culture and Sustainable Development in the Pacific' in Suva, Fiji, between 9-12 July, 1997." -- p. xii.Item Open Access The North East Passage : a study of Pacific islander migration to American Samoa and the United States(Canberra, ACT : Development Studies Centre, Research School of Pacfic Studies, The Australian National University., 1990) Ahlburg, Dennis; Levin, Michael JItem Open Access Bounteous bestowal: the economic history of Norfolk Island(Canberra, ACT : Development Studies Centre, Research School of Pacfic Studies, The Australian National University.) Treatgold, Malcolm LloydDiscovered uninhabited by Cook. Norfolk Island was first settled by the British in 1788 because of misperceptions about the value of its flax and timber resources. It was abandoned in 1814. but reoccupied eleven years later exclusively as a penal establishment. In the next three decades convict labour permitted considerable agricultural. pastoral and construction activity. The substantial capital stock accumulated over this period largely became a legacy for the Pitcairn descendants of the Bounty mutineers, who were resettled on Norfolk in 1856 after the closure of the penal establishment. They created a subsistence-based economy which remained essentially unchanged until externally introduced structural and institutional changes around the turn of the century forged much closer links with the international economy. The upshot was a phase of highly unstable export oriented growth which was eventually curtailed by World War II. The immediate post-war period was one of erratic economic change and declining population, with the economy lacking any strong and sustained growth stimulus until tourism assumed this role in the early 1960s. Subsequent expansion. strengthened temporarily by the use of the island as a tax haven. transformed Norfolk into a capital-exporting. developed mini-economy displaying a high degree of affluence in per capita terms. Admittedly, this economy has also displayed instability. inequality and continued reliance on Australian financial support; and it faces the threat of environmental constraints impeding future growth. Nevertheless, it has so far proved resilient in the context of the greater political autonomy the island has possessed since 1979.Item Open Access Education in Fiji : policy, problems and progress in primary and secondary education, 1939-1973(Canberra, ACT : Pacific Research Committee, Reseach School of Pacific Studies, The Australian National University., 1981) Whitehead, CliveThis study analyses government education policy in Fiji since 1939, within the context of the develop ment of primary and secondary schooling. It shows how policy has been influenced primarily by the rising tide of social demand for schooling and by the economic importance attached to education as a source of skilled manpower. Throughout the period under review there has been a constant imbalance between the quantity and quality of education, which as been accentuated by the Government's lack of effective control over the growth of schools. Consequently, until recently, educational planning at government level has been characterized by a piecemeal approach. It is the author's contention that the voluntary school principle, the keystone of former British colonial education policy, has out lived its usefulness as the basis on which to build an education system designed to meet Fiji's current and future social and economic needs. Instead, a state or public school system would be more appropriate.Item Open Access Indonesia: from Suharto to Democracy?(Canberra, ACT : Dept. of Political and Social Change, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University.) Lowry, Robert, 1946-Item Open Access Economic development, migrant labour and indigenous welfare in Irian Jaya(Canberra, ACT : Development Studies Centre, Research School of Pacfic Studies, The Australian National University.) Manning, Chris; Rumbiak, MichaelItem Open Access Cambodia: A Political Survey(Canberra, ACT : Dept. of Political and Social Change, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University.) Vickery, MichaelSince the last election in 2003, and in particular during 2005~2006, Cambodian stability has been threatened by unprincipled political figures who enjoy support from extreme right~wing U.S entities such as the International Republican Institute (IRI), financed in part by USAID and backed by influential U.S. senators, including John McCain, all attempting to fan the flames of Cambodian-Vietnamese hostility; and I think a new publication, with additional detail, of this study of the so-called 'Cambodian Peace Process' and its results; may be a useful contribution to 'understanding the background of Cambodia's present situation. •Item Open Access The cash incentive : the economic response of semi-subsistent craftworkers in Papua New Guinea(Canberra, ACT : National Centre for Development Studies, Research School of Pacific Studies, The Australian National University.) Philp, Norman EThis study examines the income-earning potential, the cash expenditure behaviour and the work effort response of a sample of handloom wool weavers who operated in both the remote villages and urban towns of pre-independent Papua New Guinea. Its concern is thus with the response of these workers to the cash incentive. Although weaving represented the main cash-earning activity of the weaver households, they continued to rely on the nonmonetary traditional economy for a substantial part of their livelihood. In the Highlands of New Guinea non-monetary garden production contributed one-third of total household income during the study period. The weaving workforce was selected because of the homogeneity of work effort, because the quantity of work performed and the earning rates of individual workers could be calculated with some precision and because there was a high degree of freedom in the actual work-leisure choice of each participant. It was found that less than 40 per cent of the potential work time available to the average weaver was actually used in effective cash-earning work and, as such, average weekly earnings during the study period were less than 40 per cent of their potential.Item Open Access Port Vila : transit station or final stop ? Recent developments in Ni-Vanuatu population mobility(Canberra, ACT : Development Studies Centre, Research School of Pacfic Studies, The Australian National University.) Haberkorn, GeraldItem Open Access Viceroy of the Pacific : the majesty of colour, a life of Sir John Bates Thurston(Canberra, ACT : Pacific Research Committee, Reseach School of Pacific Studies, The Australian National University.) Scarr, DeryckBiography of Sir John Bates Thurston and sequel to I, the very bayonet.Item Open Access Environment, aid and regionalism in the South Pacific(Canberra, ACT : Development Studies Centre, Research School of Pacfic Studies, The Australian National University., 1990) Carew-Reid, JeremyThe island countries of the South Pacific are in rapid transition. After hundreds of years of an essentially subsistence economy, the vigorous industrial and commercial developments of recent decades have placed new demands on the island environment; demands which cannot be sustained without strict controls. Countries have acknowledged their shared environmental problems and limited resources by pooling their effort through the South Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP). The Programme is facilitating moves by governments to manage their own activities and those of outsiders by adopting international legal agreements which define responsibilities and set environmental management guidelines and procedures. The work of SPREP has stimulated some aid organizations to reduce the nature and focus of their assistance and the extent to which they accept responsibility for the environmental implications of aid projects. Greater initiative from the aid community is required in helping countries to take on the burdens of environmental assessment and management. Some of the important advances made by South Pacific governments and the aid community in environmental management are recorded, while suggesting cooperative approaches to sustainable development which might be applied in the region to build upon past successes.Item Open Access The Hiri in history : further aspects of long distance Motu trade in Central Papua(Canberra, ACT : Pacific Research Committee, Reseach School of Pacific Studies, The Australian National University., 1982) Dutton, Thomas EdwardIn days gone by some of the Motu-speaking peoples around Port Moresby used to go on annual trading expeditions to the Gulf of Papua. There they would exchange with the inhabitants of that area pots and other valuables for sago and canoe logs. These expeditions were called hiri, and were not only spectacular in terms of the number, nature and size of the sailing craft involved and the cargoes they carried but also very important economically and in other ways to the Motu and others directly or indirectly involved. Despite this importance, however, and despite the fact that the main aspects of this trade have been known for a long time, there are still many aspects of it about which not so much is known, or which have not been recorded. Some of these aspects involve empirical questions which have to do with the day the hiri were organized and operated, particularly at the inter personal level; others are historical questions of unknown depth which can only be answered, if at all, by painstaking research involving investigators from a number of disciplines. Research into both these areas is progressing steadily, and it is the purpose of this volume to present some of the results of this activity. The six papers published here over socio-economic, religious, linguistic and prehistoric aspects of the hiri.Item Open Access Migration and development in the South Pacific(Canberra, ACT : Development Studies Centre, Research School of Pacfic Studies, The Australian National University.) Connell, JohnFor the past quarter of a century migration has been the most important demographic variable in large parts of the South Pacific region. Within the region there is extensive rural-urban migration and beyond the region international migration to the metropolitan states of USA, Australia and New Zealand. The scale of this movement has changed perceptions of development, posed problems for national development (and especially for agricultural development) and con tributed to rapid social and economic change, as island states and islanders have increasingly focused their social and economic aspirations outwards. Pressures for migration continue to increase at the same time as the opportunities for satisfying such pressures are declining, and as international migration becomes an increasingly overt political issue. This collection of recent papers examines the changing context and impact of migration in eight different states in the region, reviewing such issues as the brain or skill drain, remittances and investment, employment strategies of migrants, the impact of migration on inequality and uneven development and the overall relationship between migration and development. Migration is more closely linked to social issues, including education and suicide, than in many earlier discussions and there is also a strong emphasis on the historical evolution of structures of migration. The various papers demonstrate the great variety in the structure and impact of migration and recognize the tasks involved in incorporat ing such diversity into appropriate policy formation.Item Open Access Cash cropping, Catholicism and change : resettlement among the Kuni of Papua(Canberra, ACT : National Centre for Development Studies, Research School of Pacific Studies, The Australian National University., 1986) Gostin, OlgaIn 1961, a Roman Catholic priest informed his Papuan congregation in the mountainous foothills of the Owen Stanley Ranges that he intended to relocate the mission station in the plains further south, and there start cash-cropping. Thus began a unique rural settlement which had neither government nor official mission backing, and which entailed the subtle interplay of the Kuni people's aspirations to modernize,with their adherence to traditional values and social organization. This monograph is the story of the relocation, and is based on fieldwork conducted between 1963 and 1965, with revisits spannin~ a total of twenty years, the last being in 1983. Even before European contact in 1901, the Kuni had developed marked flexibility within their own social organization and adaptability with neighbouring tribes. This trait served them well during the early contact period which culminated in their evangelization in 1935. World War II disturbed the equilibrium by opening new opportunities for employment and migration. The decision to resettle and engage in cash-cropping was a direct response to the trend for able-bodied men to leave the area. The study focuses on problems of social change generated by a new lifestyle entailing unprecedented population concentration and cash-cropping. Changes in leadership structure, patterns of residence, kinship organization and social custom are all reviewed over a span of two decades. An interesting feature of the study is the role of Catholicism and the Catholic ethic in rationalizing, inhibiting and at times facilitating change.Item Open Access Political development in Vietnam: From the Sixth to the Seventh National Party Congress(Canberra, ACT : Dept. of Political and Social Change, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University.) Thayer, CarlyleThis paper will address itself to political change in Vietnam between the sixth and seventh national party congresses before turning to a discussion of the seventh national congress itself.Item Open Access Colour, Class and Custom: The Literature of the 1987 Fiji Coup(Canberra, ACT : Dept. of Political and Social Change, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University.) Ewins, Roryrhis paper is concerned with the dramatic events surrounding the 1987 coup in Fiji. In his respect it is hardly unique: although the coup occurred only five years ago, Hundreds of thousands of words have already been published concerning its possible explanations. Rather than attempt to compete directly with those many books and articles, I seek to explain the explanations by surveying the key works on the coup mat were available up to late 1990, categorizing the major explanations they give for the coup, and offering my own opinions as to which explanations are the most valuable. Newer works on the coup will, of course, present somewhat more sophisticated explanations than were offered in the months of confusion which immediately followed May 1987. Readers of this paper should keep in mind the time during which the works surveyed were written; some explanations given weight during 1987 and 1988 are held in considerably less esteem now. I certainly do not wish to suggest that the writers discussed herein should be held to every word they wrote three or four years ago; I imagine, though, that they would continue to defend the broad thrust of their arguments, just as I defend those that I have given here. Thanks are due to several people who were involved in seeing this paper through to its present form: Richard Herr, who supervised the original honours dissertation and suggested its publication; Trevor Sofield, for extensively discussing the coup with me in late 1990; William Sutherland, for many helpful and interesting discussions about the 'politics of tradition'; Brij Lal and Stephanie Lawson, for their specific advice about this paper and possible areas for its improvement; and Ron May and Claire Smith for their editorial help. Finally, thank you to everyone in the departments of Political Science, University of Tasmania, and Political and Social Change, Research School of Pacific Studies, The Australian National University.Item Open Access Regime Change as Regime Maintenance: The Military versus Democracy in Fiji(Canberra, ACT : Dept. of Political and Social Change, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University.) Lawson, StephanieIn recent years there have been some dramatic changes of political leadership in the Asia-Pacific region, and also some drama without leadership change. In a few countries the demise of well-entrenched political leaders appears imminent; in others regular processes of parliamentary government still prevail. These differing patterns of regime change and regime maintenance raise fundamental questions about the nature of political systems in the region. Specifically, how have some political leaders or leadership groups been able to stay in power for relatively long periods and why have they eventually been displaced? What are the factors associated with the stability or instability of political regimes? What happens when long-standing leaderships change?Item Open Access Doi moi : ten years after the 1986 party congress(Canberra, ACT : Dept. of Political and Social Change, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University.) Vietnam Update Conference; Fforde, Adam