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Nature-inspired carbon storage and transport: encapsulated CO2 hydrate flow in pipes to imitate blood flow in vessels
(2025-07-19) Zhang, Yuxuan; Rahbari, Alireza; Chen, Lijin; Chalermsinsuwan, Benjapon; Zhai, Xiaoqiang; Wang, Fei; Liu, Ming; Wang, Xiaolin
Hydrate slurry has been recognized as an efficient and cost-effective method for CO2transport; however, its practical application is constrained by risks of plugging and agglomeration due to hydrate deposition. Here, we propose a new concept for hydrate-based carbon transport utilizing encapsulated hydrate flow, inspired by the transport of red blood cells (RBCs) in blood vessels. Experiments and computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method (CFD-DEM) simulations are conducted to investigate the flow dynamics and dissociation kinetics of CO₂ hydrates encapsulated in RBC-shaped capsules for pipeline transport. The dissociation rate constant is determined by optimizing the model against the experimental dissociation data. The results demonstrate that a higher capsule-to-pipe diameter ratio effectively enhances flow stability, reduces both hydrate dissociation and pressure drop for a given hydrate quantity. Comparative analyses indicate that for various hydrate volume fractions, the pressure drop gradients of the encapsulated hydrate flow are reduced by up to 92 % compared to the traditional slurry flow at flow rates from 0.005 to 0.0063 m³ /s. Additionally, the flow with RBC-shaped capsules consistently exhibit lower pressure drops compared to spherical ones under identical conditions. The improved performance of encapsulated hydrate flow is attributed to differences in flow rheology, viscosity, and particle-particle and particle-wall interactions, demonstrating the potential of encapsulated hydrate transport to enhance carbon storage and pipeline transport efficiency while mitigating risks of pipeline blockage and CO₂ release, critical for process safety in carbon capture and storage (CCS) systems.
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'Chong dich nhu chong giac' ('Fighting the pandemic like fighting the invader'): Audience agency and historical resources in Vietnam's early securitisation of Covid-19
(2023) Phan, Xuan Dung; Quah, Say Jye; To, Minh Son
Vietnam's initial response to Covid-19 was conspicuous for various reasons, including how its attempt at securitisation drew deeply from historical narratives, symbols, and traditions specific to the Vietnamese experience, as well as how the securitisation project was not simply top-down and state-driven but also featured ground-up participation where the public was mobilised to participate in and actively reiterate securitisation practices. This richly textured empirical case study of the workings of Vietnamese society and politics represents an invitation to explore key debates surrounding securitisation theory. Reflecting on the empirical material of the case, this paper builds on scholarship seeking to highlight the shortcomings of the Copenhagen School's model of securitisation and from there further explore securitisation theory and its limits. It takes aim at how the audience and its agency is conceptualised in the theory and develops the notions of 'historical resources' and 'activation architecture' to more adequately explain the processes of securitisation.
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Hydrogenation of low density polyethylene using transition metal based catalyst loaded on active natural zeolite: Effect of temperature and metal loading
(2026) Sihombing, Junifa L.; Pulungan, Ahmad N.; Herlinawati, Herlinawati; Kembaren, Agus; Simanjuntak, Janter P.; Efiyanti, Lisna; Hadi, Muhammad; Rahayu, Rahayu; Wibowo, Ary A.
The conversion of plastic waste to fuel is a viable approach to address challenges associated with LDPE waste while enhancing energy utilization in pyrolysis. Elevated olefin levels beyond set standards adversely affect exhaust emissions, underscoring the need for hydrogenation. This study comprises multiple phases, including catalyst formulation from natural zeolites, transition metal deposition, and hydrogenation of pyrolytic oil using these catalysts. Results indicate that the Nickel-based catalyst yields a significantly lower olefin yield of 6.1 % with Ni/SNZ and 5.76 % with NiMo/SNZ, complying with EN228 standards. In contrast, the CoMo/SNZ catalyst significantly increases carbon content to 87.25 %, demonstrating improved deoxygenation and achieving the highest HHV of 39.95 MJ/kg, reflecting enhanced liquid product quality for potential alternative fuel applications.
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Continental Drift: Southeast Asia Amidst Regional Wars, Great Power Rivalry, and Globalization at Risk
(ISEAS Publishing, 2026) To, Minh Son; Liow, Joseph
Amid an intensifying major power rivalry and polarizing regional wars in Europe and the Middle East, the search for direction in Southeast Asia, as Chong Ja Ian described in the previous issue, has become an individual pursuit by nation-states rather than a collective one in 2024. Despite shared objectives of economic growth and regime security, Southeast Asian states have taken different, and at times divergent, foreign policy paths to realize them. A slow but not imperceptible continental drift is under way as their economies and politics shift along with global trends of protectionism and centrifugal forces of great power competition. Southeast Asians resolutely insist on not “choosing sides”, but their different reactions to wars waged abroad and tensions at home bear out the subtle gradients in their political and strategic outlooks. Whereas tensions in the South China Sea continue to shape US relations with Vietnam and the Philippines, frustration towards the West over the Gaza crisis has seen Indonesia and Malaysia gravitate towards China. The pull of economics remains the fundamental force behind their relations with great powers, but the push of politics can act as an enabler—or mitigator—as well. The noticeable absence of ASEAN and its centrality from geopolitical and geo-economic conversations over the past year accentuate these divergences. In the face of several major crises that have accelerated in the past twelve months, ASEAN has not mustered adequate voice. With Indonesia and Thailand occupied with internal dramas during and after their respective elections, little attention from regional states, not to mention ASEAN as a whole, was given to the civil war raging in Myanmar, which has now entered its third year.
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The Anxious State: Impossibility of Closure and State's Ontological (In-)security in Postcolonial and Postrevolutionary Vietnam
(2024) To, Minh Son
This article develops an account of ontological security of the state as constituted by endless pursuits of discursive totality. Grounded in discussions on state's ontology, Lacanian and postcolonial insights, the article advances an account of state's ontological security as predicated upon a totalising but perpetually contingent discourse that reifies itself through ideational order and foreclosure of alternatives. Discursive totality obtains for the state its ontological security by layering social reality to bury its original lack and fixing signifiers in particular, exclusive ways, which must be continually maintained due to the discourse' very contingency. The case of Vietnam's 'syncretic socialism' and its continual rearticulations in response to different political ruptures embody this 'anxious state' always on the move to (re)enclose social terrain within its discourse. The maintenance of discursive totality rests upon syncretic socialism's capacity to extend itself by rearranging or incorporating signifiers and keep contingency at bay by foreclosing alternatives.