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Reimagining strategy and statecraft for the future
(ANU Press, 2025) Prantl, Jochen
Crystal balls are a rare commodity in strategic policymaking. Yet, developing a structured and systematic way of imagining the future is more critical than ever in a strategic and policy environment that is undergoing transformational change.
The state of the art in plant lipidomics
(2021) Kehelpannala, Cheka; Rupasinghe, Thusitha; Hennessy, Thomas; Bradley, David; Ebert, Berit; Roessner, Ute
Lipids are a group of compounds with diverse structures that perform several important functions in plants. To unravel and better understand their in vivo functions, plant biologists have been using various lipidomic technologies including liquid-chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry (MS). However, there are still significant challenges in LC-MS based plant lipidomics, which need to be addressed. In this review, we provide an overview of the key developments in LC-MS based lipidomic approaches to detect and identify plant lipids with emphasis on areas that can be further improved. Given that the cellular lipidome is estimated to contain hundreds of thousands of lipids,1,2 many of the lipid structures remain to be discovered. Furthermore, the plant lipidome is considered to be significantly more complex compared to that of mammals. Recent technical developments in mass spectrometry have made the detection of novel lipids possible; hence, approaches that can be used for plant lipid discovery are also discussed.
Self-esteem, epistemic needs, and responses to social feedback
(2018) Hoplock, Lisa B.; Stinson, Danu Anthony; Marigold, Denise C.; Fisher, Alexandra N.
People with lower self-esteem (LSEs) suffer from poor relational well-being. This may occur, in part, because LSEs’ epistemic needs constrain their ability to benefit from positive social feedback. Consistent with this hypothesis, LSEs felt undeserving of positive social feedback, which undermined their relational well-being (Experiment 1). After receiving positive social feedback, LSEs displayed an equal preference for additional positive and negative feedback, and their willingness to pursue negative feedback predicted poor well-being (Experiment 2). However, LSEs did seize the opportunity to pursue additional positive feedback about a domain of personal strength, and when they did so, their well-being benefited (Experiment 3). These results help explain chronic self-esteem differences in relational well-being and suggest avenues for future well-being interventions.
Comparison of Care System and Treatment Approaches for Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury in China versus Europe
(2020-07-21) Feng, Junfeng; Van Veen, Ernest; Yang, Chun; Huijben, Jilske A.; Lingsma, Hester F.; Gao, Guoyi; Jiang, Jiyao; Maas, Andrew I.R.; Gruen, Russell
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) poses a huge public health and societal problem worldwide. Uncertainty exists on how care system and treatment approaches for TBI worked in China may differ from those in Europe. Better knowledge on this is important to facilitate interpretation of findings reported by Chinese researchers and to inform opportunities for collaborative studies. We aimed to investigate concordance and variations in TBI care between Chinese and European neurotrauma centers. Investigators from 52 centers in China and 68 in Europe involved in the Collaborative European Neuro Trauma Effectiveness Research in Traumatic Brain Injury (CENTER-TBI) study were invited to complete provider profiling (PP) questionnaires, which covered the main aspects of care system and treatment approaches of TBI care. Participating Chinese and European centers were mainly publicly funded and academic. More centers in China indicated available dedicated neuro-intensive care than those in Europe (98% vs. 60%), and treatment decisions in the ICU were mainly determined by neurosurgeons (58%) in China while in Europe, (neuro)intensivists often took the lead (61%). The ambulance dispatching system was automatic in half of Chinese centers (49%), whereas selective dispatching was more common in European centers (74%). For treatment of refractory intracranial hypertension, a decompressive craniectomy was more frequently regarded as general policy in China compared with in Europe (89% vs. 45%). We observed both concordance and substantial variations with regard to the various aspects of TBI care between Chinese and European centers. These findings are fundamental to guide future research and offer opportunities for collaborative comparative effectiveness research to identify best practices.
A comparison of classification algorithms within the Classifynder pollen imaging system
(2013) Lagerstrom, Ryan; Arzhaeva, Yulia; Bischof, Leanne; Haberle, Simon; Hopf, Felicitas; Lovell, David
We describe an investigation into how Massey University's Pollen Classifynder can accelerate the understanding of pollen and its role in nature. The Classifynder is an imaging microscopy system that can locate, image and classify slide based pollen samples. Given the laboriousness of purely manual image acquisition and identification it is vital to exploit assistive technologies like the Classifynder to enable acquisition and analysis of pollen samples. It is also vital that we understand the strengths and limitations of automated systems so that they can be used (and improved) to compliment the strengths and weaknesses of human analysts to the greatest extent possible. This article reviews some of our experiences with the Classifynder system and our exploration of alternative classifier models to enhance both accuracy and interpretability. Our experiments in the pollen analysis problem domain have been based on samples from the Australian National University's pollen reference collection (2890 grains, 15 species) and images bundled with the Classifynder system (400 grains, 4 species). These samples have been represented using the Classifynder image feature set. In addition to the Classifynder's native neural network classifier, we have evaluated linear discriminant, support vector machine, decision tree and random forest classifiers on these data with encouraging results. Our hope is that our findings will help enhance the performance of future releases of the Classifynder and other systems for accelerating the acquisition and analysis of pollen samples.