Northern Frontier: The policies and strategy of the Later Han Empire

Abstract

In presenting a history of the northern frontier during the period of Later Han, I have discussed in turn the major non-Chinese groups, from the Qiang in the northwest through the Xiongnu and their rivals the Xianbi in present-day Mongolia, to the Wuhuan who occupied the northeastern region of China Proper and the borderlands of Manchuria. In each case, I have sought to provide some account of the people themselves, and a discussion of the policies by which the Chinese attempted to deal with them.