ANU Research Publications
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The Australian National University's Research Publications collection is an online location for collecting, preserving and disseminating the scholarly output of the University. This service allows members of the University to share their research with the wider community. ANU Open Research accepts journal articles, conference papers, book chapters, working or technical papers and other forms of scholarly communication.
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Item Embargo Rara avis (2016)(1905-07-08) Seccombe, Erica5 Printed QR codes, 18 cm diameter, 5 Online movies, duration between 35sec, 2.38 minItem Embargo Occurrence of Asparagopsis armata Harv. on the Scilly Isles(Nature Research (part of Springer Nature), 1951-05-05) Horridge, George AdrianThe red alga, Asparagopsis armata Harv., was originally found in Australia, where it is very abundant along the south coast; it occurs also in New Zealand and Tasmania1. It was first recorded in the northern hemisphere in 1925 by Sauvageau2. Its naturalization along the European and North African coasts has been followed and described by J. Feldmann and G. Feldmann3 and shown to be coincident with that of Falkenbergia rufolanosa Harv., the tetrasporic generation of A. armata. No occurrences were recorded north of the coast of Brittany. Since that account, however, Asparagopsis has been found at two stations on the coast of Co. Galway, west Ireland, by de Valera4 in July and October 1941; it has also been found in Cornwall by Drew5 on the Lizard Peninsula, where it was well established in August 1950, and she has found specimens of Falkenbergia cast ashore on the Lizard and at Falmouth, in August 1950. It is not without interest, therefore, to note the presence of Asparagopsis armata on the Scilly Isles. Several plants were found growing tangled among Chondrus crispus (L.) Stackh. and Laurencia pinnatifida (Gmel.) Lamour, on a boulder which projected from the sandy shore at the south end of Pentle Bay, Tresco, at extreme low water, spring tide, on March 24, 1951. The specimens have the characteristic reflexed barbs on otherwise bare branches; the fronds are up to four inches long, and these specimens show neither cystocarps nor spermatangial branches. I am grateful to Dr. Mary W. Parke for her kindness in identifying the specimens and for the loan of literature.Item Embargo Electrode Phenomena in Transient Arcs(IOP Science, 1952) Somerville, J M; Blevin, W R; Fletcher, Neville H.High current, short duration arcs between various metals in air have been studied by means of a Kerr Cell camera and by observation of the marks left on the electrodes. Growth of these marks with arc duration is discussed and shown to be due to heat conduction in the case of the anode marks and to motion of the emitting areas in the case of cathode marks Cathode spot temperatures are frequently too low for thermionic emission even on metals of high boiling point At very high rates of current rise both anode and cathode marks are multipleItem Metadata only Birds on Palma and Gomera (Canary Islands)(Wiley, 1952-01) Cullen, J. M.; Guiton, P. E.; Horridge, George Adrian; Peirson, J.Summary. 1 During the summer of 1949 separate expeditions visited the islands of Palma and Gomera in the Canary Islands. 2 A survey of the birds was made, mainly of the Passerine species, to determine in which habitats they were found. 3 The distributions of some of these species is discussed and, so far as possible, accounted for. 4 Of 12 species common to Palma and Britain, five had calls which differed distinctly, while three, Fringilla coelebs, Parus caeruleus and Phyllosropus collybita, were strikingly different. 5 A systematic list for the two islands is presented.Item Open Access Reflections of an Australian liberal(Melbourne : Published for the Australian National University [by] F. W. Cheshire, [1953], 1953) Eggleston, F. W. (Frederic William), 1875-1954Item Embargo An Action Potential from the Motor Nerves of the Jellyfish Aurellia aurita Lamarck(Nature Research (part of Springer Nature), 1953-02-28) Horridge, George AdrianSo long ago as 1878, E. A. Schäfer demonstrated in Aurellia a network of bipolar and tripolar nerve cells the processes of which run in all directions, frequently coming close together at points which have been interpreted as synapses1,2. Using Holmes's method of silver staining, I have been able to confirm this histological picture; moreover, the fibres are similar to those of the through-conducting system in the mesenteries of Metridium3. These fibres can be seen clearly in living Aurellia under phase-contrast or oblique illumination.Item Open Access Italians and Germans in Australia: a study of assimilation(Melbourne : Australian National University [by] F.W. Cheshire, [1954], 1954) Borrie, W. D. (Wilfred David), 1913-; Packer, D. R. G.Item Embargo Observations on the nerve fibres of Aurellia aurita(Company of Biologists, 1954-03-01) Horridge, George AdrianSummary The nerve fibres of Aurellia aurita were originally described by E. A. Shäfer from gold preparations. This work has been repeated with Holmes's method of silver staining on the slide. Results have been obtained substantially in agreement with those of Shäfer. The same nerves can be seen in the living animal when a phase-contrast microscope or oblique illumination is used. By the use of these techniques, a study has been made of the plan of the nerve net over the subumbrellar surface of the bell. This work is intended as an anatomical foundation for physiological studies to be described elsewhere.Item Open Access The nerves and muscles of medusae. I. Conduction in the nervous system of Aurellia aurita Lamarck(Company of Biologists, 1954-12-01) Horridge, George AdrianSummary 1. It has been shown that a single large bipolar nerve cell in the subumbrella epithelium of Aurellia is necessary and sufficient to conduct the contraction wave across a narrow bridge from one part of the bell to another. 2. This nerve impulse is accompanied by an electrical impulse of the kind usually recorded from the nerves of higher animals. 3. These nerve cells are concerned only with the excitation leading to a contraction wave. There must be other pathways for other transmitted excitation.Item Embargo Some Aspects of the Design of Power Transistors(IEEE, 1955) Fletcher, Neville H.This paper discusses some factors which have to be taken into account in the design of high power transistors. An effect of great importance is the reduction of emitter bias caused by transverse current flow in the base region. This effect is examined in some detail and the results of the discussion are applied to the design of improved transistor types. Finally, a short discussion of thermal stability and mechanical design is given.Item Embargo A polarized-light study of glass-fibre laminates(IOP, 1955) Horridge, George AdrianThe use of a stress sensitive resin (Marco 28C) in the formation of a glass-fibre-resin laminate makes possible a photoelastic stress analysis of a highly anisotropic material. This will have an application in conjunction with theoretical stress analysis in anisotropic materials; it is hoped that it will also be of value to the designer of reinforced plastic structures. The relation between the resin and the fibres in a laminate under load has been studied with the aid of a polarizing microscope. A disconcerting feature is the discovery of a pattern of cracks which open under relatively small stress, and which may provide a pathway for erosion by water.Item Open Access Self-Bias Cutoff Effect in Power Transistors(IEEE, 1955) Fletcher, Neville H.Item Open Access The nerves and muscles of medusae. II. Geryonia proboscidalis Eschscholtz(Company of Biologists, 1955-09-01) Horridge, George AdrianSummary 1. The responses of Geryonia proboscidalis to electrical and mechanical stimulation have been studied with particular attention to the transmission of excitation. 2. There are two kinds of excitation transmitted across the undersurface of the bell; first, the symmetrical beat is co-ordinated by an isotropic conducting system which acts in a through-conducting, all-or-nothing manner, and produces brief contractions of the circular muscle; secondly, the movements of the manubrium are co-ordinated by a radial conducting system, which produces a maintained contraction of the radial muscles of the manubrium. 3. The independence of these two conducting systems is shown by the simultaneous and yet distinct transmission of the two kinds of excitation in different directions. 4. The contraction wave is not transmitted through the ring nerves faster than over the rest of the bell. 5. The manubrium bends towards a stimulated tentacle, and all the tentacles contract simultaneously, co-ordinated by a through-conducting pathway in the marginal nerve. There is evidence that a polarized pathway carries excitation from this system to the rhythmical marginal centres. 6. Observations of Geryonia held with the axis horizontal show that the steering action is due to an asymmetrical maintained contraction of the velum. 7. The known histological details of the nervous system are compared with the physiological pathways demonstrated by experiment. The differentiation of a primitive isotropic nerve net into distinct tracts with separate functions is essential for the several rapid feeding and swimming activities.Item Open Access The nerves and muscles of medusae. IV. Inhibition in Aequorea forskalea(Company of Biologists, 1955-12-01) Horridge, George AdrianSummary 1. The co-ordination of the swimming movement (beat) and feeding response in Aequorea forskalea has been studied with particular attention to the pathways taken by the excitation. 2. The rapid through-conducting system which co-ordinates the beat is sharply distinguished physiologically from the radial system which co-ordinates feeding. 3. The spontaneous origin of the beat and its rapid marginal conduction are both inhibited while the radial muscle is contracting. 4. Inhibition of this type has been observed in other genera of HydromedusaeItem Open Access The nerves and muscles of medusae. III. A decrease in the refractory period following repeated stimulation of the muscle of Rhizostoma pulmo(Company of Biologists, 1955-12-01) Horridge, George AdrianSummary Evidence is presented to show the shortening of the refractory period of some of the elements in a population of coelenterate muscle fibres following frequent stimulation of the bell of Rhizostoma pulmo.Item Open Access Ring conduction in the early stages of sparks(IOP Science, 1956) Somerville, J M; Fletcher, Neville H.Item Embargo Note on "The Variation of Junction Transistor Current Amplification Factor with Emitter, Current"(IEEE, 1956) Fletcher, Neville H.Item Embargo The nervous system of the ephyra larva of Aurellia aurita(Company of Biologists, 1956-03-01) Horridge, George AdrianSummary The rapid co-ordination of the beat had been identified with a specialized system of neurones which spreads over the muscles from the marginal ganglia. By analogy with other invertebrates this has been called the giant fibre system. The feeding response and the spasm are co-ordinated by a separate net, called ‘the diffuse nerve-net’, which is both physiologically and histologically distinct from the giant fibre system. The histological structures of the two nerve-nets and the marginal ganglia are described. Although the diffuse nerve-net contains sensory cells, it also acts upon the muscles, and a double motor innervation is indicated. The two nerve-nets meet and interact at the marginal ganglia. An attempt has been made to interpret the neurone structure of the ganglia.Item Open Access The nerves and muscles of medusae. V. Double innervation in Scyphozoa(Company of Biologists, 1956-06-01) Horridge, George AdrianSummary 1. The compensatory movements of Cyanea (Semaeostomeae) and Cassiopea (Rhizostomeae) are described. The asymmetry of these responses is not compatible with the properties of the through-conducting giant fibre net which propagates the contraction wave. 2. Stimulation experiments with Cyanea show that a second nerve net, called the diffuse net, acts locally on the muscles of the bell and delays the process of relaxation. 3. In Cassiopea, the responses of a ring of tissue containing a continuously circulating contraction wave are also evidence of a double innervation. 4. The responses of Nausithöe (Coronatae) are described and are interpreted in a similar manner. 5. In all three orders the two nerve nets are in places superimposed but are independent except where they meet at the marginal ganglia. Here the diffusenet acts irreversibly on the rhythmical units, which are known to be within the giant fibre net.Item Open Access The responses of Heteroxenia (Alcyonaria) to stimulation and to some inorganic ions(Company of Biologists, 1956-09-01) Horridge, George AdrianSummary 1. In Heteroxenia there are two distinct kinds of response; one is the unco-ordinated rhythm of the autozooids; the other is the maintained spasm which is co-ordinated over the colony. 2. The absolute refractory period of the conducting system which co-ordinates the spasm of the colony is found to be 0.08 sec. 3. The actions of excesses of potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium ions suggest that the rhythm resembles that of Scyphozoa. 4. The organization and overlap of the two conducting systems in the autozooid disk recall the scyphozoan pattern of two nerve nets. However, in Heteroxenia there is little evidence of interaction between the two systems.